Dual Loyalty & Human Rights In Health Professional Practice; Proposed Guidelines & Institutional Mechanisms

I. Introduction o The Problem of Dual Loyalty and Human Rights o The Concept of Dual Loyalty o Dual Loyalty and Human Rights o Human Rights, Bioethics and the Resolution of Dual Loyalty Conflicts o The Obligation of Health Professionals to Respect Human Rights o Dual Loyalty and Human Rights: The Need for this Project o Scope of the Project and Products II. Dual Loyalty and Human Rights: The Dimensions of the Problem o Using medical skills or expertise on behalf of the state o Subordinating independent medical judgment, in therapeutic or evaluative settings o Limiting or denying medical treatment or information related to treatment to an individual o Disclosing confidential patient information to state authorities or powerful non-state actors o Performing evaluations for legal or administrative purposes o Remaining silent in the face of human rights abuses committed against individuals and groups in the care of health professionals III. Proposed General Guidelines for Health Professional Practice IV. Proposed Guidelines for Practice in Difficult Settings o Prison, Detention and Other Custodial Settings o Health Care for Refugees and Immigrants o Health Professionals in the Workplace o Health Professionals Engaged in Forensic Evaluations o Military Health Professionals V . Institutional Mechanisms to Promote Human Rights in Health Practice o Introduction o Objectives of the Institutional Mechanisms o Institutional Mechanisms by Strategy  Employment relationships  Administrative and legal arrangements to preserve professional independence  Peer review, professional credibility, support  Monitoring  Education and Training  Accountability  Collective action by the professions o Institutional Mechanisms by Stakeholders/Agents  Roles for Professional Organizations: National  Roles for Professional Organizations: International  Roles for Statutory (licensing) Bodies  Roles for Civil Society  Roles for Government  Role of the United Nations and Related International and Regional Intergovernmental Bodies  Role of Training and Research Institutions